Grawlixes and Gender

'Programming with Grawlixes' has associated grawlixes with patriarchal stereotypes like rigid conservatives, drill-sergeants and controlling fathers who’s often smug, self-satisfied behavioral schema was cut-off by an unexpected event. (see programming with grawlixes #3)
In other words, the appearance of Grawlixes is also an indicator of the presence of certain gender stereotypes.
 A similar relation is made visible in research into the relation between gender stereotypes and swearing. For example in this study by Karyn Stapleton that states that:

1. Swearing is perceived as agressive, and in western cultural stereotypes agression is associated with masculine male behavior. Therefore, women who swear 'behave like men'.
2. Swearwords represent linguistic taboos, and these taboos play an important role in social hierarchies. For example in western patriarchal societies, men are less subject to these taboos than women. So women who swear challenge the cultural staus quo.
3. Women are also more likely to be judged on moral standing and character. Therefore, women who use bad language are associated with lower class.

This also implies that with the gradual deconstruction of traditional western patriarchal stereotypes, one might expect an increase of women uttering Grawlixes in comics.
This is only partially confirmed by the examples below, I found it is still not easy to find female cartoon characters uttering Grawlixes.
I think this might be because this deconstruction of classical stereotypes not only breaks down traditional gender stereotypes, it also breaks down the western objectivist binaries necessary for the production of Grawlixes. Therefore Grawlixes in general are increasingly rare in contemporary comics except maybe in comics that take a kind of retro perspective.

In the 1960’s Morris & Goscinni’s Calamity Jane is uninhibitedly

‘swearing like a man’ and clearly upsetting the traditional believes of the male actors on the set.

(Lucky Luke, Calamity Jane 1969)

'Cuss like a lady' ; Beetle Baily, Greg & Mort Walker (2015)

Breaking Out - It Ain’t Me Babe Comix, Carole 1970

(BITCH BITCH BITCH, Roberta Gregory 1994)

Within the Riot Grrrl zineculture of the 90’s women

 develop their own scripts that allow them to curse in their own right

Jessica Jones 2001

grawlix,
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